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Financial Institutions, Inc. Reports Net Income Available to Common Shareholders of $19.6 million, or $0.99 per Diluted Share, for the Third Quarter of 2026

Quarterly results highlighted by loan growth of 2.2% and deposit growth of 3.3%

WARSAW, N.Y., Oct. 29, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Financial Institutions, Inc. (NASDAQ: FISI) (the "Company," "we" or "us") today reported financial and operational results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2026, reflecting strong performance by subsidiaries Five Star Bank (the "Bank") and Courier Capital, LLC ("Courier Capital"), including healthy loan and deposit growth and sustained profitability.

KEY FINANCIAL METRICS             Quarter-over-Quarter
("QoQ")
  Year-over-Year
("YoY")
 
Dollars in thousands, except per share data
Return metrics annualized
Q3 2026   Q2 2026   Q3 2025   Variance %   Variance %  
Net income $ 19,990   $ 21,184   $ 20,477   $ (1,194 )   -5.6 % $ (487 )   -2.4 %
Net income available to common shareholders   19,626     20,819     20,112     (1,193 )   -5.7 %   (486 )   -2.4 %
Diluted earnings per common share $ 0.99   $ 1.04   $ 0.99   $ (0.05 )   -4.8 % $ -     0.0 %
Return on average assets   1.26 %   1.35 %   1.32 %   (9 ) bps       (6 ) bps    
Return on average equity   12.32 %   13.31 %   13.31 %   (99 ) bps       (99 ) bps    
Return on average tangible common equity (1)   13.75 %   14.88 %   14.98 %   (113 ) bps       (123 ) bps    
Efficiency ratio   56.84 %   55.33 %   56.78 %   151   bps       6   bps    
Total loans (end of period) $ 4,855,827   $ 4,752,965   $ 4,590,423   $ 102,862     2.2 % $ 265,404     5.8 %
Total deposits (end of period) $ 5,474,936   $ 5,299,465   $ 5,357,809   $ 175,471     3.3 % $ 117,127     2.2 %


Third Quarter 2026 Highlights and Key Developments

  • Total loans grew 2.2% from the end of the linked quarter and 5.8% from September 30, 2025, to reach $4.86 billion at September 30, 2026, driven by robust commercial lending.
  • Total deposits increased 3.3% quarter-over-quarter and 2.2% year-over-year to $5.47 billion at September 30, 2026. Growth was broad-based across all deposit categories, led by seasonal support in public deposits.
  • Net interest income reached a new quarterly high of $54.3 million and net interest margin of 3.70% was stable with the linked quarter and up 5 basis points from the year-ago quarter.
  • Investment advisory income, the Company's leading contributor of noninterest income, increased 1.7% and 10.6% from the linked and year-ago quarters, respectively.
  • The efficiency ratio remained below 57% for the quarter, reflecting the Company's focus on sustained profitability.
  • The Company's strong capital position enabled the repurchase of 185,833 shares of common stock at an average price of $40.92 per share during the quarter.

"Our third quarter results underscore the strength of our relationship-driven business model and our unwavering commitment to disciplined execution," said President and Chief Executive Officer Martin K. Birmingham. "Our commercial franchise continues to be the primary driver of loan growth and was supported by increases in consumer indirect and residential mortgage lending during the third quarter. While our quarterly net charge-off ratio was up from lower-than-typical levels in the linked and year-ago quarters, it remains within our full-year guidance. At the same time, the ratio of non-performing loans to total loans decreased by 3 basis points. Overall, we remain focused on credit-disciplined loan production in our core Upstate New York markets."

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer W. Jack Plants II added, "Third quarter performance benefited from continued growth in average earning assets and effective balance sheet management, supporting a 3.70% net interest margin and a nearly 5% increase in net interest income from the prior year period. Our balance sheet remains a source of strength, reflected in a tangible common equity ratio(1) of 8.40%, a common equity Tier 1 ratio of 11.36%, and a return on average tangible common equity(1) of 13.75%. These strong capital levels provide us flexibility to support loan growth and thoughtful investments in our business, while continuing to return capital to shareholders through share buybacks, as we did during the third quarter with the repurchase of 185,833 shares."

Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin

NET INTEREST INCOME             QoQ   YoY  
Dollars in thousands Q3 2026   Q2 2026   Q3 2025   Variance %   Variance %  
Interest income $ 85,003   $ 83,076   $ 84,422   $ 1,927     2.3 % $ 581     0.7 %
Interest expense   30,712     29,715     32,633     997     3.4 %   (1,921 )   -5.9 %
Net interest income   54,291     53,361     51,789     930     1.7 %   2,502     4.8 %
Net interest margin (tax-equivalent basis) (2)   3.70 %   3.70 %   3.65 %   -   bps       5   bps    
Average interest-earning assets $ 5,837,535   $ 5,785,900   $ 5,656,869   $ 51,635     0.9 % $ 180,666     3.2 %
Average interest-bearing liabilities   4,573,266     4,559,420     4,437,752     13,846     0.3 %   135,514     3.1 %


Net interest income was $54.3 million, up $930 thousand from the linked quarter and up $2.5 million from the third quarter of 2025. Net interest margin of 3.70% was consistent with the linked quarter and up 5 basis points from the year-ago quarter, driven by lower interest-bearing liability costs.

  • Average interest-earning assets of $5.84 billion were up $51.6 million from the second quarter of 2026 and up $180.7 million from the third quarter of 2025. The linked quarter variance reflected a $114.5 million increase in average loans, partially offset by decreases in the average balances of investment securities of $61.6 million and Federal Reserve interest-earning cash of $1.2 million. The year-over-year variance reflected a $228.2 million increase in the average balance of loans, partially offset by a $43.2 million decrease in the average balance of investment securities and a $4.3 million decrease in the average balance of Federal Reserve interest-earning cash. The average yield on interest-earning assets was 5.79% in the third quarter of 2026, compared to 5.76% in the second quarter of 2026, and 5.93% in the third quarter of 2025.
  • Average interest-bearing liabilities of $4.57 billion were up $13.8 million from the second quarter of 2026 and up $135.5 million from the third quarter of 2025. The linked quarter variance was primarily due to increases in the average balances of time, savings and money market deposits, partially offset by decreases in average interest-bearing demand deposits and short-term borrowings, while average long-term borrowings were flat. The year-over-year variance reflected increases in the average balances of savings and money market deposits, time deposits, short-term borrowings and interest-bearing demand deposits, partially offset by a decrease in average long-term borrowings. The average cost of interest-bearing liabilities was 2.67%, reflecting an increase of 6 basis points from the linked quarter and a decrease of 25 basis points from the year-ago quarter.

Noninterest Income

SELECT NONINTEREST INCOME CATEGORIES             QoQ Change   YoY Change  
Dollars in thousands Q3 2026   Q2 2026   Q3 2025   $   %   $   %  
Investment advisory $ 3,343   $ 3,287   $ 3,023   $ 56   1.7 % $ 320   10.6 %
Investments in limited partnerships   (274 )   (140 )   223     (134 ) 95.7 %   (497 ) -222.9 %
Income from derivative instruments, net   106     518     847     (412 ) -79.5 %   (741 ) -87.5 %
Net gain on investment securities   -     -     703     -   -     (703 ) -100.0 %
Other   1,239     1,200     1,596     39   3.3 %   (357 ) -22.4 %
Total noninterest income   10,457     10,954     12,056     (497 ) -4.5 %   (1,599 ) -13.3 %


Noninterest income was $10.5 million in the third quarter of 2026, versus $11.0 million in the second quarter of 2026 and $12.1 million in the third quarter of 2025. The linked quarter variance was primarily driven by decreased income from derivative instruments, net, or swap fees, along with greater losses on investments in limited partnerships. The aforementioned lower level of swap fees and loss on limited partnerships were also contributors to the year-over-year variance. Detail on other select categories with notable variances follows:

  • Investment advisory income of $3.3 million was up from both the linked and year-ago quarters, reflecting both new business and market performance.
  • A loss on investments in limited partnerships, which are primarily small business investment companies, of $274 thousand was recognized in the third quarter of 2026, compared to a loss of $140 thousand and a gain of $223 thousand in the linked and year-ago quarters, respectively. Income from these investments, which we account for under the equity method, fluctuates based on the maturity and performance of the underlying investments.
  • Income from derivative instruments, net, which is based on the number and value of interest rate swap transactions executed during the quarter, of $106 thousand was down from $518 thousand and $847 thousand in the linked and year-ago quarters, respectively.
  • A net gain on investment securities of $703 thousand was recorded in the third quarter of 2025. There was no gain or loss recorded in the second or third quarters of 2026.
  • Other noninterest income of $1.2 million was relatively flat with the linked quarter and down from the year-ago quarter, driven by a variety of factors.

Noninterest Expense and Income Taxes

SELECT NONINTEREST EXPENSE CATEGORIES             QoQ Change   YoY Change  
Dollars in thousands Q3 2026   Q2 2026   Q3 2025   $   %   $   %  
Salaries and employee benefits $ 19,654   $ 19,165   $ 18,522   $ 489   2.6 % $ 1,132   6.1 %
Professional services   1,475     1,263     1,688     212   16.8 %   (213 ) -12.6 %
Total noninterest expense   36,822     35,605     35,875     1,217   3.4 %   947   2.6 %


Noninterest expense was $36.8 million in the third quarter of 2026, compared to $35.6 million in the second quarter of 2026 and $35.9 million in the third quarter of 2025. Detail on select categories with notable variances follows:

  • Salaries and employee benefits expense was $489 thousand higher than the second quarter of 2026, primarily driven by an increase in health insurance benefit expense, and $1.1 million higher than the third quarter of 2025, reflecting a combination of factors, including annual merit increases, higher incentive compensation and investments in personnel.
  • Professional services expense was $212 thousand higher than the linked quarter, driven in part by the timing of typical external audit-related expenses. The $213 thousand decrease year-over-year was driven by lower other professional and consulting expenses.

INCOME TAXES             QoQ   YoY  
Dollars in thousands Q3 2026   Q2 2026   Q3 2025   Variance   %   Variance   %  
Income tax expense $ 4,057   $ 4,418   $ 4,761   $ (361 ) -8.2 % $ (704 ) -14.8 %
Tax credit on investments placed in service/amortized   1,045     1,045     1,103     -   0.0 %   (58 ) -5.3 %
Effective tax rate   16.9 %   17.3 %   18.9 %   -0.4 %       -2.0 %    


Income tax expense was $4.1 million for the third quarter of 2026, compared to $4.4 million in the second quarter of 2026 and $4.8 million in the third quarter of 2025. Income tax expense reflects federal and state tax benefits that the Company recognized related to tax credit investments placed in service and/or amortized during each period, as outlined above.

  • The effective tax rate, which was 16.9% for the third quarter of 2026, fluctuates on a quarterly basis primarily due to the level of pre-tax earnings or loss and may differ from statutory rates due to interest income from tax-exempt securities, earnings on COLI, the tax impact of restricted stock award vesting, and the impact of tax credit investments.

Balance Sheet Composition and Liquidity

SELECT BALANCE SHEET DATA             QoQ Change   YoY Change  
Dollars in thousands, end of period Q3 2026   Q2 2026   Q3 2025   $   %   $   %  
Total assets $ 6,506,919   $ 6,334,952   $ 6,288,052   $ 171,967   2.7 % $ 218,867   3.5 %
Total investment securities   1,034,758     989,764     1,011,217     44,994   4.5 %   23,541   2.3 %
Commercial business and commercial mortgage   3,305,501     3,210,384     2,989,710     95,117   3.0 %   315,791   10.6 %
Residential real estate   740,524     738,681     724,506     1,843   0.2 %   16,018   2.2 %
Consumer indirect and other consumer   809,802     803,900     876,207     5,902   0.7 %   (66,405 ) -7.6 %
Total loans   4,855,827     4,752,965     4,590,423     102,862   2.2 %   265,404   5.8 %
Total deposits   5,474,936     5,299,465     5,357,809     175,471   3.3 %   117,127   2.2 %
Short-term borrowings   167,000     182,000     55,000     (15,000 ) -8.2 %   112,000   203.6 %
Long-term borrowings, net   78,768     78,694     115,000     74   0.1 %   (36,232 ) -31.5 %

Total loans of $4.86 billion at September 30, 2026 were up $102.9 million from the end of the linked quarter and up $265.4 million from September 30, 2025.

  • Strong commercial lending activity in the Bank's Western and Central New York markets drove both the linked quarter and year-over-year growth.

Total deposits were $5.47 billion at September 30, 2026, up $175.5 million from June 30, 2026, and up $117.1 million from September 30, 2025.

  • The linked quarter variance was primarily due to seasonally higher public deposit balances, but reflected growth across all deposit types. The year-over-year increase reflected higher nonpublic, reciprocal and brokered deposits, partially offset by a modest decrease in public deposits. Public deposits represented 22% of total deposits at September 30, 2026, 22% at June 30, 2026, and 23% at September 30, 2025.

LIQUIDITY SOURCES             QoQ Change   YoY Change  
Dollars in thousands, end of period Q3 2026   Q2 2026   Q3 2025   $   %   $   %  
Unencumbered securities $ 6,853   $ 29,876   $ 58,476   $ (23,023 ) -77.1 % $ (51,623 ) -88.3 %
FHLBNY borrowing availability   204,714     182,426     288,811     22,288   12.2 %   (84,097 ) -29.1 %
FRB excess cash   37,629     39,564     96,968     (1,935 ) -4.9 %   (59,339 ) -61.2 %
FRB discount window   922,388     900,825     956,770     21,563   2.4 %   (34,382 ) -3.6 %
Total on-balance sheet liquidity   1,171,584     1,152,691     1,401,025     18,893   1.6 %   (229,441 ) -16.4 %


The Company maintains liquidity, both on and off-balance sheet, to meet customer demand. As outlined in the table above, at September 30, 2026, the Company had approximately $1.17 billion in available liquidity, excluding brokered deposit capacity, in addition to cash and cash equivalents of $102.9 million and available unsecured lines of credit totaling $155.0 million.

Capital Strength and Shareholder Returns

REGULATORY CAPITAL RATIOS Q3 2026   Q2 2026   Q3 2025   QoQ Change YoY Change
Leverage Ratio   10.09 %   10.06 %   9.77 %   3   bps   32   bps
Common Equity Tier 1 Ratio   11.36 %   11.44 %   11.15 %   (8 ) bps   21   bps
Tier 1 Capital Ratio   11.68 %   11.76 %   11.48 %   (8 ) bps   20   bps
Total Risk Based Capital Ratio   14.07 %   14.20 %   13.60 %   (13 ) bps   47   bps


The Company's regulatory capital ratios at September 30, 2026 continued to exceed all regulatory capital requirements to be considered well capitalized.

SELECT SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY AND PER SHARE DATA   QoQ   YoY  
Dollars in thousands, except per share data Q3 2026   Q2 2026   Q3 2025   Variance %   Variance %  
Shareholders' equity $ 618,993   $ 643,441   $ 621,720   $ (24,448 )   -3.8 % $ (2,727 )   -0.4 %
Common shareholders' equity   601,710     626,156     604,435     (24,446 )   -3.9 %   (2,725 )   -0.5 %
Tangible common equity (1)   541,655     566,007     543,992     (24,352 )   -4.3 %   (2,337 )   -0.4 %
Common book value per share $ 30.82   $ 31.77   $ 30.03   $ (0.95 )   -3.0 % $ 0.79     2.6 %
Tangible common book value per share (1) $ 27.75   $ 28.72   $ 27.02   $ (0.97 )   -3.4 % $ 0.73     2.7 %
Common equity to assets ratio   9.25 %   9.88 %   9.61 %   (64 ) bps       (37 ) bps    
Tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio (1)   8.40 %   9.02 %   8.74 %   (62 ) bps       (33 ) bps    


Shareholders' equity was $619.0 million at September 30, 2026, compared to $643.4 million at June 30, 2026, and $621.7 million at September 30, 2025. The decline was primarily the result of an increase in accumulated other comprehensive loss associated with unrealized losses in the available for sale securities portfolio, which was driven by the increase in interest rates, as well as stock repurchases during the third quarter of 2026, partially offset by net income, net of dividends, retained.

The Company declared a common stock dividend of $0.32 per common share in the third quarter of 2026, consistent with the linked quarter and reflecting an increase of $0.01, or 3.2%, over the year-ago quarter, returning 32% of third quarter net income to common shareholders.

During the third quarter of 2026, the Company repurchased 185,833 shares of common stock at an average price of $40.92 per share. As of September 30, 2026, 320,480 shares remained available under the repurchase program that was approved in September 2025 and which does not have an expiration date.

Credit Quality

SELECT CREDIT QUALITY METRICS             QoQ   YoY  
Dollars in thousands Q3 2026   Q2 2026   Q3 2025   Variance %   Variance %  
Non-performing loans $ 38,542   $ 39,007   $ 33,951   $ (465 )   -1.2 % $ 4,591     13.5 %
Total non-performing loans to total loans   0.79 %   0.82 %   0.74 %   (3 ) bps       5   bps    
Allowance for credit losses "ACL" - loans   48,014     47,497     47,292     517     1.1 %   722     1.5 %
ACL - loans to total loans ratio   0.99 %   1.00 %   1.03 %   (1 ) bps       (4 ) bps    
Provision for credit losses - loans $ 4,542   $ 4,133   $ 2,062   $ 409     9.9 % $ 2,480     120.3 %
Provision for credit losses   3,879     3,108     2,732     771     24.8 % $ 1,147     42.0 %
Net charge-offs/average loans (annualized)   0.33 %   0.11 %   0.18 %   22   bps       15   bps    


The Company has remained strategically focused on the importance of credit discipline, allocating resources to credit and risk management functions as the loan portfolio has grown.

  • Non-performing loans were $38.5 million, or 0.79% of total loans, at September 30, 2026, a modest decrease from the linked quarter. The increase from one year prior primarily reflects one well-collateralized commercial business loan that moved to nonaccrual status in the first quarter of 2026, offset in part by the partial charge-off of a previously disclosed nonaccrual commercial business relationship for which a specific reserve was in place.
  • Provision for credit losses was $3.9 million in the third quarter of 2026 and was driven by a combination of factors, including loan growth and fluctuation in the balance of unfunded commitments. The provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments, which is included in the provision for credit losses as required by the current expected credit loss standard, totaled a credit of $663 thousand in the third quarter of 2026, compared to a credit of $1.0 million in the second quarter of 2026 and a provision of $671 thousand in the third quarter of 2025.

Subsequent Events

The Company is required, under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), to evaluate subsequent events through the filing of its consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended September 30, 2026 on Form 10-Q. As a result, the Company will continue to evaluate the impact of any subsequent events on critical accounting assumptions and estimates made as of September 30, 2026, and will adjust amounts preliminarily reported, if necessary, in its Form 10-Q as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC").

Conference Call

The Company will host an earnings conference call and audio webcast on October 30, 2026, at 8:30 a.m. Eastern Time. The call will be hosted by Martin K. Birmingham, President and Chief Executive Officer, and W. Jack Plants II, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. Within the United States, participants may access the call by dialing 1-877-425-9470 and requesting the “Financial Institutions, Inc. Third Quarter 2026 Earnings Conference Call.” A live webcast will also be available at https://viavid.webcasts.com/starthere.jsp?ei=1776786&tp_key=90ac35b0c7 in listen-only mode. A replay of the webcast will be available on the Company’s IR website, www.FISI-Investors.com, for at least 30 days.

About Financial Institutions, Inc.

Financial Institutions, Inc. (NASDAQ: FISI) is a financial holding company with approximately $6.5 billion in assets offering banking and wealth management products and services. Its Five Star Bank subsidiary provides consumer and commercial banking and lending services to individuals, municipalities and businesses through banking locations spanning Western and Central New York and a commercial loan production office serving the Mid-Atlantic region. Its Courier Capital, LLC subsidiary offers customized investment management, consulting and retirement plan services to individuals, businesses, institutions, foundations and retirement plans. Learn more at FISI-Investors.com.

Non-GAAP Financial Information

In addition to results presented in accordance with GAAP, this press release contains certain non-GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to GAAP measures is included in Appendix A to this document.

The Company believes that providing certain non-GAAP financial measures provides investors with information useful in understanding our financial performance, performance trends and financial position. Our management uses these measures for internal planning and forecasting purposes and we believe that our presentation and discussion, together with the accompanying reconciliations, allows investors, security analysts and other interested parties to view our performance and the factors and trends affecting our business in a manner similar to management. These non-GAAP measures should not be considered a substitute for GAAP measures, and we strongly encourage investors to review our consolidated financial statements in their entirety and not to rely on any single financial measure to evaluate the Company. Non-GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations, are not uniformly applied and are not audited. Because non-GAAP financial measures are not standardized, it may not be possible to compare these financial measures with other companies' non-GAAP financial measures having the same or similar names.

Safe Harbor Statement

This press release may contain forward-looking statements as defined by Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that involve significant risks and uncertainties. In this context, forward-looking statements often address our expected future business and financial performance and financial condition, and often contain words such as "anticipate," "believe," "continue," "estimate," "expect," "focus," "forecast," "intend," "may," "plan," "preliminary," "should," "target" or "will." Statements herein are based on certain assumptions and analyses by the Company and factors it believes are appropriate in the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from those contained in or implied by such statements for a variety of reasons including, but not limited to: changes in interest rates; inflation; tariffs; changes in deposit flows and the cost and availability of funds; fraudulent deposit activity; the Company’s ability to implement its strategic plan, including by expanding its commercial lending footprint and integrating its acquisitions; whether the Company experiences greater credit losses than expected; whether the Company experiences breaches of its, or third party, information systems; the attitudes and preferences of the Company's customers; legal and regulatory proceedings and related matters, including any action described in the Company's reports filed with the SEC, could adversely affect it and the banking industry in general; the competitive environment; fluctuations in the fair value of securities in its investment portfolio; changes in the regulatory environment and the Company's compliance with regulatory requirements; general economic and credit market conditions nationally and regionally; and macroeconomic volatility related to global political unrest. Consequently, all forward-looking statements made herein are qualified by these cautionary statements and the cautionary language and risk factors included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other documents filed with the SEC. Except as required by law, the Company undertakes no obligation to revise these statements following the date of this press release.

(1) See Appendix A — Reconciliation to Non-GAAP Financial Measures for the computation of this non-GAAP financial measure.
(2) Calculated on a tax-equivalent basis assuming a Federal income tax rate of 21%.

FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, INC.
Selected Financial Information (Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)

    2026     2025  
SELECT BALANCE SHEET DATA:   September 30,     June 30,     March 31,     December 31,     September 30,  
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 102,883     $ 99,174     $ 85,451     $ 108,751     $ 185,945  
Investment securities:                              
Available for sale     958,239       910,466       1,003,697       922,472       923,592  
Held-to-maturity, net     76,519       79,298       82,074       84,708       87,625  
Total investment securities     1,034,758       989,764       1,085,771       1,007,180       1,011,217  
Loans held for sale     1,913       2,502       1,034       3,365       2,252  
Loans:                              
Commercial business     773,008       768,549       746,425       738,307       740,603  
Commercial mortgage–construction     625,095       558,036       513,615       488,558       441,034  
Commercial mortgage–multifamily     560,780       565,027       578,731       588,732       592,634  
Commercial mortgage–non-owner occupied     1,001,518       970,966       922,628       942,219       893,884  
Commercial mortgage–owner occupied     345,100       347,806       316,781       322,776       321,555  
Residential real estate loans     663,160       662,582       652,861       657,001       648,397  
Residential real estate lines     77,364       76,099       74,779       75,121       76,109  
Consumer indirect     779,059       771,126       787,888       807,310       838,671  
Other consumer     30,743       32,774       33,879       37,842       37,536  
Total loans     4,855,827       4,752,965       4,627,587       4,657,866       4,590,423  
Allowance for credit losses–loans     48,014       47,497       44,661       47,386       47,292  
Total loans, net     4,807,813       4,705,468       4,582,926       4,610,480       4,543,131  
Total interest-earning assets     6,020,962       5,834,020       5,787,556       5,755,696       5,739,699  
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net     60,055       60,149       60,245       60,343       60,443  
Total assets     6,506,919       6,334,952       6,294,783       6,274,140       6,288,052  
Deposits:                              
Noninterest-bearing demand     974,634       950,510       953,397       962,724       959,404  
Interest-bearing demand     769,479       712,124       744,690       672,323       776,445  
Savings and money market     2,021,827       1,964,402       1,984,048       1,884,801       1,955,832  
Time deposits     1,708,996       1,672,429       1,655,746       1,686,500       1,666,128  
Total deposits     5,474,936       5,299,465       5,337,881       5,206,348       5,357,809  
Short-term borrowings     167,000       182,000       114,000       109,000       55,000  
Long-term borrowings, net     78,768       78,694       78,621       193,653       115,000  
Total interest-bearing liabilities     4,746,070       4,609,649       4,577,105       4,546,277       4,568,405  
Shareholders’ equity     618,993       643,441       631,670       628,854       621,720  
Common shareholders’ equity     601,710       626,156       614,385       611,569       604,435  
Tangible common equity (1)     541,655       566,007       554,140       551,226       543,992  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss     (74,414 )     (43,349 )     (39,327 )   $ (33,030 )   $ (36,758 )
                               
Common shares outstanding     19,521       19,706       19,686       19,797       20,130  
Treasury shares     1,179       993       1,013       902       570  
CAPITAL RATIOS AND PER SHARE DATA:                              
Leverage ratio     10.09 %     10.06 %     9.89 %     9.69 %     9.77 %
Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio     11.36 %     11.44 %     11.37 %     11.11 %     11.15 %
Tier 1 capital ratio     11.68 %     11.76 %     11.70 %     11.43 %     11.48 %
Total risk-based capital ratio     14.07 %     14.20 %     14.16 %     14.90 %     13.60 %
Common equity to assets     9.25 %     9.88 %     9.76 %     9.75 %     9.61 %
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (1)     8.40 %     9.02 %     8.89 %     8.87 %     8.74 %
                               
Common book value per share   $ 30.82     $ 31.77     $ 31.21     $ 30.89     $ 30.03  
Tangible common book value per share (1)   $ 27.75     $ 28.72     $ 28.15     $ 27.84     $ 27.02  

(1) See Appendix A — Reconciliation to Non-GAAP Financial Measures for the computation of this non-GAAP financial measure.


FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, INC.
Selected Financial Information (Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)

    Nine Months Ended     2026     2025  
SELECT STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS   September 30,     Third     Second     First     Fourth     Third  
DATA:   2026     2025     Quarter     Quarter     Quarter     Quarter     Quarter  
Interest income   $ 249,642     $ 248,340     $ 85,003     $ 83,076     $ 81,563     $ 84,649     $ 84,422  
Interest expense     89,997       100,565       30,712       29,715       29,570       32,438       32,633  
Net interest income     159,645       147,775       54,291       53,361       51,993       52,211       51,789  
Provision for credit losses     9,226       8,222       3,879       3,108       2,239       3,404       2,732  
Net interest income after provision for credit losses     150,419       139,553       50,412       50,253       49,754       48,807       49,057  
Noninterest income:                                          
Service charges on deposits     3,244       3,278       1,117       1,083       1,044       1,082       1,137  
Card interchange income     6,026       5,783       2,071       2,063       1,892       2,011       2,006  
Investment advisory     9,691       8,645       3,343       3,287       3,061       3,074       3,023  
Company owned life insurance     8,588       8,591       2,932       2,884       2,772       2,788       2,849  
Investments in limited partnerships     (190 )     945       (274 )     (140 )     224       457       223  
Loan servicing     541       484       189       201       151       208       181  
Income from derivative instruments, net     863       1,436       106       518       239       1,110       847  
Net gain on sale of loans held for sale     491       542       185       181       125       195       285  
Net gain on investment securities     328       706       -       -       328       225       703  
Net (loss) gain on other assets     (454 )     (281 )     -       27       (481 )     (225 )     (281 )
Net loss on tax credit investments     (1,253 )     (1,539 )     (451 )     (350 )     (452 )     (446 )     (513 )
Other     4,209       4,456       1,239       1,200       1,770       1,430       1,596  
Total noninterest income     32,084       33,046       10,457       10,954       10,673       11,909       12,056  
Noninterest expense:                                          
Salaries and employee benefits     57,421       53,490       19,654       19,165       18,601       19,323       18,522  
Occupancy and equipment     11,968       11,386       4,161       3,941       3,865       4,104       3,814  
Professional services     4,088       4,830       1,475       1,263       1,350       1,686       1,688  
Computer and data processing     17,349       17,155       5,627       5,512       6,211       5,934       5,789  
FDIC assessments     3,041       4,086       1,068       987       986       984       1,227  
Advertising and promotions     1,559       1,328       444       592       524       482       491  
Amortization of intangibles     288       315       94       96       98       100       103  
Deposit-related charged-off items expense     443       83       207       126       109       77       144  
Other     11,865       12,569       4,092       3,923       3,851       4,029       4,097  
Total noninterest expense     108,022       105,242       36,822       35,605       35,595       36,719       35,875  
Income before income taxes     74,481       67,357       24,047       25,602       24,832       23,997       25,238  
Income tax expense     12,321       12,470       4,057       4,418       3,847       4,017       4,761  
Net income     62,160       54,887       19,990       21,184       20,985       19,980       20,477  
Preferred stock dividends     1,094       1,094       364       365       364       364       365  
Net income available to common shareholders   $ 61,066     $ 53,793     $ 19,626     $ 20,819     $ 20,621     $ 19,616     $ 20,112  
FINANCIAL RATIOS:                                          
Earnings per share – basic   $ 3.11     $ 2.68     $ 1.00     $ 1.06     $ 1.05     $ 0.98     $ 1.00  
Earnings per share – diluted   $ 3.07     $ 2.65     $ 0.99     $ 1.04     $ 1.04     $ 0.96     $ 0.99  
Cash dividends declared on common stock   $ 0.96     $ 0.93     $ 0.32     $ 0.32     $ 0.32     $ 0.31     $ 0.31  
Common dividend payout ratio     30.87 %     34.70 %     32.00 %     30.19 %     30.48 %     31.63 %     31.00 %
Dividend yield (annualized)     3.29 %     4.57 %     3.26 %     3.29 %     4.09 %     3.95 %     4.52 %
Return on average assets (annualized)     1.33 %     1.18 %     1.26 %     1.35 %     1.37 %     1.27 %     1.32 %
Return on average equity (annualized)     13.01 %     12.32 %     12.32 %     13.31 %     13.43 %     12.53 %     13.31 %
Return on average common equity (annualized)     13.14 %     12.44 %     12.43 %     13.44 %     13.57 %     12.64 %     13.45 %
Return on average tangible common equity (annualized) (1)     14.55 %     13.89 %     13.75 %     14.88 %     15.04 %     14.02 %     14.98 %
Efficiency ratio (2)     56.40 %     58.38 %     56.84 %     55.33 %     57.06 %     57.43 %     56.78 %
Effective tax rate     16.5 %     18.5 %     16.9 %     17.3 %     15.5 %     16.7 %     18.9 %

(1) See Appendix A – Reconciliation to Non-GAAP Financial Measures for the computation of this non-GAAP financial measure.
(2) The efficiency ratio is calculated by dividing noninterest expense by net revenue, i.e., the sum of net interest income (tax-equivalent basis assuming a Federal income tax rate of 21%) and noninterest income before net gains on investment securities. This is a banking industry measure not required by GAAP.


FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, INC.
Selected Financial Information (Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands)

    Nine Months Ended     2026     2025  
    September 30,     Third     Second     First     Fourth     Third  
SELECT AVERAGE BALANCES:   2026     2025     Quarter     Quarter     Quarter     Quarter     Quarter  
Federal funds sold and interest-earning deposits   $ 28,566     $ 47,271     $ 27,120     $ 28,347     $ 30,266     $ 48,418     $ 31,461  
Investment securities (1)     1,049,543       1,072,077       1,016,043       1,077,633       1,055,385       1,066,829       1,059,244  
Loans:                                          
Commercial business     748,647       708,298       762,740       745,977       736,942       731,314       726,315  
Commercial mortgage     2,407,298       2,221,845       2,485,369       2,392,003       2,342,957       2,313,465       2,239,666  
Residential real estate loans     657,336       646,891       662,283       655,028       654,614       650,190       648,642  
Residential real estate lines     75,222       75,168       76,598       74,853       74,189       75,288       75,774  
Consumer indirect     783,321       841,830       775,732       779,336       795,107       823,521       838,026  
Other consumer     33,137       39,802       31,650       32,723       35,074       36,917       37,741  
Total loans     4,704,961       4,533,834       4,794,372       4,679,920       4,638,883       4,630,695       4,566,164  
Total interest-earning assets     5,783,070       5,653,182       5,837,535       5,785,900       5,724,534       5,745,942       5,656,869  
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net     60,207       60,610       60,112       60,207       60,305       60,404       60,505  
Total assets     6,270,963       6,198,689       6,312,602       6,271,961       6,227,388       6,261,856       6,159,886  
Interest-bearing liabilities:                                          
Interest-bearing demand     703,121       721,179       691,497       701,768       716,370       713,033       687,978  
Savings and money market     1,954,029       1,936,765       1,977,954       1,976,903       1,906,445       1,924,952       1,881,445  
Time deposits     1,687,635       1,613,532       1,702,746       1,676,759       1,683,185       1,692,138       1,643,342  
Short-term borrowings     118,654       97,165       122,337       125,331       108,138       79,913       110,011  
Long-term borrowings, net     85,489       118,737       78,732       78,659       99,302       133,242       114,976  
Total interest-bearing liabilities     4,548,928       4,487,378       4,573,266       4,559,420       4,513,440       4,543,278       4,437,752  
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits     951,090       936,854       958,502       944,037       950,644       955,880       960,089  
Total deposits     5,295,875       5,208,330       5,330,699       5,299,467       5,256,644       5,286,003       5,172,854  
Total liabilities     5,632,286       5,603,129       5,668,894       5,633,343       5,593,794       5,629,101       5,549,575  
Shareholders’ equity     638,677       595,560       643,708       638,618       633,594       632,755       610,311  
Common equity     621,392       578,275       626,423       621,333       616,309       615,470       593,026  
Tangible common equity (2)     561,185       517,665       566,311       561,126       556,004       555,066       532,521  
Common shares outstanding:                                          
Basic     19,650       20,101       19,620       19,687       19,642       20,093       20,122  
Diluted     19,922       20,306       19,902       19,941       19,922       20,347       20,336  
SELECTED AVERAGE YIELDS:
(Tax equivalent basis)
                                         
Investment securities (3)     4.47 %     4.35 %     4.46 %     4.46 %     4.48 %     4.48 %     4.45 %
Loans     6.07 %     6.25 %     6.08 %     6.07 %     6.07 %     6.20 %     6.29 %
Total interest-earning assets     5.77 %     5.87 %     5.79 %     5.76 %     5.76 %     5.86 %     5.93 %
Interest-bearing demand     1.06 %     1.15 %     1.07 %     1.08 %     1.04 %     1.20 %     1.09 %
Savings and money market     2.34 %     2.68 %     2.39 %     2.33 %     2.29 %     2.46 %     2.62 %
Time deposits     3.45 %     4.09 %     3.43 %     3.38 %     3.53 %     3.73 %     3.88 %
Short-term borrowings     2.57 %     2.13 %     2.66 %     2.62 %     2.40 %     1.77 %     2.41 %
Long-term borrowings, net     6.93 %     5.28 %     6.98 %     6.99 %     6.84 %     6.31 %     5.53 %
Total interest-bearing liabilities     2.64 %     3.00 %     2.67 %     2.61 %     2.65 %     2.83 %     2.92 %
Net interest rate spread     3.13 %     2.87 %     3.12 %     3.15 %     3.11 %     3.03 %     3.01 %
Net interest margin     3.69 %     3.50 %     3.70 %     3.70 %     3.67 %     3.62 %     3.65 %

(1) Includes investment securities at adjusted amortized cost.
(2) See Appendix A – Reconciliation to Non-GAAP Financial Measures for the computation of this non-GAAP financial measure.
(3) The interest on tax-exempt securities is calculated on a tax-equivalent basis assuming a Federal income tax rate of 21%.


FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, INC.
Selected Financial Information (Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands)

    Nine Months Ended     2026     2025  
    September 30,     Third     Second     First     Fourth     Third  
ASSET QUALITY DATA:   2026     2025     Quarter     Quarter     Quarter     Quarter     Quarter  
Allowance for Credit Losses – Loans                                          
Beginning balance   $ 47,386     $ 48,041     $ 47,497     $ 44,661     $ 47,386     $ 47,292     $ 47,291  
Net loan charge-offs (recoveries):                                          
Commercial business     3,311       2,083       344       (23 )     2,990       46       123  
Commercial mortgage–construction     963       (357 )     963       -       -       (10 )     (357 )
Commercial mortgage–multifamily     -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Commercial mortgage–non-owner occupied     (3 )     594       (1 )     (1 )     (1 )     -       (1 )
Commercial mortgage–owner occupied     (2 )     (3 )     (1 )     -       (1 )     -       (1 )
Residential real estate loans     8       108       (11 )     -       19       (4 )     (25 )
Residential real estate lines     27       27       -       30       (3 )     -       -  
Consumer indirect     5,000       5,017       2,010       1,140       1,850       2,239       1,926  
Other consumer     1,098       1,011       721       151       226       140       396  
Total net charge-offs (recoveries)     10,402       8,480       4,025       1,297       5,080       2,411       2,061  
Provision for credit losses–loans     11,030       7,731       4,542       4,133       2,355       2,505       2,062  
Ending balance   $ 48,014     $ 47,292     $ 48,014     $ 47,497     $ 44,661     $ 47,386     $ 47,292  
                                           
Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans (annualized):                                          
Commercial business     0.59 %     0.39 %     0.18 %     -0.01 %     1.65 %     0.02 %     0.07 %
Commercial mortgage–construction     0.24 %     -0.90 %     0.64 %     0.00 %     0.00 %     -0.01 %     -0.31 %
Commercial mortgage–multifamily     0.00 %     0.00 %     0.00 %     0.00 %     0.00 %     0.00 %     0.00 %
Commercial mortgage–non-owner occupied     0.00 %     0.90 %     0.00 %     0.00 %     0.00 %     0.00 %     0.00 %
Commercial mortgage–owner occupied     0.00 %     0.00 %     0.00 %     0.00 %     0.00 %     0.00 %     0.00 %
Residential real estate loans     0.00 %     0.02 %     -0.01 %     0.00 %     0.01 %     0.00 %     -0.02 %
Residential real estate lines     0.05 %     0.05 %     0.16 %     0.16 %     -0.03 %     0.00 %     0.00 %
Consumer indirect     0.85 %     0.80 %     1.03 %     0.59 %     0.94 %     1.08 %     0.91 %
Other consumer     4.43 %     3.40 %     9.04 %     1.85 %     2.61 %     1.50 %     4.16 %
Total loans     0.30 %     0.25 %     0.33 %     0.11 %     0.44 %     0.21 %     0.18 %
                                           
Supplemental information (1)                                          
Non-performing loans:                                          
Commercial business   $ 6,613     $ 3,799     $ 6,613     $ 7,677     $ 6,698     $ 4,709     $ 3,799  
Commercial mortgage–construction     19,069       19,794       19,069       20,520       20,520       20,321       19,794  
Commercial mortgage–multifamily     1,019       540       1,019       540       540       540       540  
Commercial mortgage–non-owner occupied     -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Commercial mortgage–owner occupied     973       1,102       973       981       983       1,095       1,102  
Residential real estate loans     8,141       5,877       8,141       6,974       7,434       6,443       5,877  
Residential real estate lines     266       212       266       412       431       374       212  
Consumer indirect     2,331       2,482       2,331       1,772       1,767       2,155       2,482  
Other consumer     130       145       130       131       102       118       145  
Total non-performing loans     38,542       33,951       38,542       39,007       38,475       35,755       33,951  
Foreclosed assets     3,544       142       3,544       552       552       94       142  
Total non-performing assets   $ 42,086     $ 34,093     $ 42,086     $ 39,559     $ 39,027     $ 35,849     $ 34,093  
                                           
Total non-performing loans to total loans     0.79 %     0.74 %     0.79 %     0.82 %     0.83 %     0.77 %     0.74 %
Total non-performing assets to total assets     0.65 %     0.54 %     0.65 %     0.62 %     0.62 %     0.57 %     0.54 %
Allowance for credit losses–loans to total loans     0.99 %     1.03 %     0.99 %     1.00 %     0.97 %     1.02 %     1.03 %
Allowance for credit losses–loans to non-performing loans     125 %     139 %     125 %     122 %     116 %     133 %     139 %

(1) At period end.


FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, INC.
Appendix A — Reconciliation to Non-GAAP Financial Measures (Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share amounts)

    Nine Months Ended     2026     2025  
    September 30,     Third     Second     First     Fourth     Third  
    2026     2025     Quarter     Quarter     Quarter     Quarter     Quarter  
Ending tangible assets:                                          
Total assets               $ 6,506,919     $ 6,334,952     $ 6,294,783     $ 6,274,140     $ 6,288,052  
Less: Goodwill and other intangible assets, net                 60,055       60,149       60,245       60,343       60,443  
Tangible assets               $ 6,446,864     $ 6,274,803     $ 6,234,538     $ 6,213,797     $ 6,227,609  
                                           
Ending tangible common equity:                                          
Common shareholders’ equity               $ 601,710     $ 626,156     $ 614,385     $ 611,569     $ 604,435  
Less: Goodwill and other intangible assets, net                 60,055       60,149       60,245       60,343       60,443  
Tangible common equity               $ 541,655     $ 566,007     $ 554,140     $ 551,226     $ 543,992  
                                           
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (1)                 8.40 %     9.02 %     8.89 %     8.87 %     8.74 %
                                           
Common shares outstanding                 19,521       19,706       19,686       19,797       20,130  
Tangible common book value per share (2)               $ 27.75     $ 28.72     $ 28.15     $ 27.84     $ 27.02  
                                           
Average tangible assets:                                          
Average assets   $ 6,270,963     $ 6,198,689     $ 6,312,602     $ 6,271,961     $ 6,227,388     $ 6,261,856     $ 6,159,886  
Less: Average goodwill and other intangible assets, net     60,207       60,610       60,112       60,207       60,305       60,404       60,505  
Average tangible assets   $ 6,210,756     $ 6,138,079     $ 6,252,490     $ 6,211,754     $ 6,167,083     $ 6,201,452     $ 6,099,381  
                                           
Average tangible common equity:                                          
Average common equity   $ 621,392     $ 578,275     $ 626,423     $ 621,333     $ 616,309     $ 615,470     $ 593,026  
Less: Average goodwill and other intangible assets, net     60,207       60,610       60,112       60,207       60,305       60,404       60,505  
Average tangible common equity   $ 561,185     $ 517,665     $ 566,311     $ 561,126     $ 556,004     $ 555,066     $ 532,521  
                                           
Net income available to common shareholders   $ 61,066     $ 53,793     $ 19,626     $ 20,819     $ 20,621     $ 19,616     $ 20,112  
Return on average tangible common equity (3)     14.55 %     13.89 %     13.75 %     14.88 %     15.04 %     14.02 %     14.98 %

(1) Tangible common equity divided by tangible assets.
(2) Tangible common equity divided by common shares outstanding.
(3) Net income available to common shareholders (annualized) divided by average tangible common equity.

For additional information contact:
Kate Croft
Director of Investor Relations and Corporate Communications
(716) 817-5159
klcroft@five-starbank.com

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